Description

A Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is a medical procedure to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. The new marrow can either come from: 1. Your own body (Autologous transplant) 2. A donor (Allogeneic transplant) Why is BMT Done? To treat conditions where the bone marrow is not functioning properly, such as: 1. Blood cancers: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma 2. Bone marrow failure syndromes: Aplastic anemia 3. Genetic disorders: Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia 4. Immune deficiency disorders 🩸 Types of Bone Marrow Transplant 1. Autologous BMT: Uses the patient’s own stem cells. Common in cancer treatment. 2. Allogeneic BMT: Uses stem cells from a donor (sibling or unrelated match). 3. Haploidentical BMT: Uses a half-matched donor (like a parent). 4. Umbilical Cord BMT: Stem cells are taken from a baby's umbilical cord after birth. 🏥 Steps in BMT Procedure 1. Pre-transplant Evaluation 2. Conditioning Therapy (high-dose chemo or radiation to destroy diseased cells) 3. Stem Cell Infusion (like a blood transfusion) 4. Engraftment (stem cells grow and start making healthy blood cells) 5. Recovery and Monitoring ⚠️ Risks & Complications 1. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (in allogeneic BMT) 2. Infections 3. Organ damage 4. Bleeding or anemia 5. Relapse of original disease 🛡️ Post-Transplant Care 1. Isolation initially to prevent infections 2. Regular blood tests and checkups 3. Immunosuppressants (in case of allogeneic transplant) 4. Nutritional support

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