Description

Von Willebrand Disease is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor (VWF) — a protein essential for blood clotting. VWF helps platelets stick together and attach to blood vessel walls to stop bleeding. Types of Von Willebrand Disease: Type 1 (Mild, Most Common) Partial deficiency of VWF Milder bleeding symptoms Type 2 (Moderate, Several Subtypes) VWF is present but doesn't function properly Subtypes: 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N Type 3 (Severe, Rare) Little or no VWF Severe bleeding problems Causes: Inherited from one or both parents (most often autosomal dominant) Rarely, it can be acquired later in life due to autoimmune or other medical conditions Symptoms: Frequent nosebleeds Easy bruising Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding Excessive bleeding after surgery or dental work Blood in urine or stool (less common) Prolonged bleeding from minor wounds Diagnosis: Bleeding history and family history Blood tests, including: Von Willebrand factor antigen Ristocetin cofactor activity Factor VIII levels Platelet function tests Treatment Options: Desmopressin (DDAVP): Stimulates release of VWF from body stores Effective in mild Type 1 and some Type 2 cases VWF Replacement Therapy: Plasma-derived concentrates containing VWF and factor VIII Antifibrinolytics (e.g., tranexamic acid): Help prevent clot breakdown, especially in mucosal bleeding Hormonal Therapy (in women): Birth control pills to control heavy menstrual bleeding

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